Fractional Modelling and Optimal Control of COVID-19 Transmission in Portugal

A fractional-order compartmental model was recently used to describe real data of the first wave COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal [Chaos Solitons Fractals 144 (2021), Art. 110652]. Here, we modify that order correct time dimensions and use it investigate third occurred from December 2020 February 2021, has surpassed all previous waves, both number consequences. new fractional optimal control problem is then formulated solved, with vaccination preventive measures as controls. cost-effectiveness analysis carried out, obtained results are discussed.